December 7 , 2025
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- A red ELVE halo appeared over Possagno in northern Italy on November 17, 2025.
- The halo spanned approximately 200 kilometres and occurred at an altitude of about 100 kilometres.
- ELVE stands for Emissions of Light and Very Low-Frequency Perturbations due to Electromagnetic Pulse.
- They are caused by lightning-generated electromagnetic pulses in the lower ionosphere.
- ELVEs are classified as Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) by NASA.
- The red colour of ELVEs on Earth is due to the interaction of emitted energy with nitrogen molecules in the atmosphere.
- Two ELVEs have now been observed above Possagno, northern Italy, within three years.
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