May 24 , 2026
16 hrs 0 min
33
- Scientists using data from MAVEN have observed the Zwan–Wolf effect deep in Mars’ atmosphere for the first time.
- The phenomenon was recorded during a solar storm in December 2023.
- The Zwan–Wolf effect describes the compression of charged particles along magnetic field structures called flux tubes.
- On Mars, the effect was seen in the ionosphere (below ~200 km), where charged particles were “squeezed” and redistributed during space weather events.
- The discovery helps scientists better understand how solar activity affects Mars’ atmosphere and climate evolution.

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