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Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
October 9 , 2025
14 hrs 0 min
16
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- The India Justice Report 2025 highlights significant challenges in India’s justice system, including access, delays, and accountability.
- India’s judiciary currently has over 4.57 crore pending cases, which causes significant delays in delivering justice.
- Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) includes arbitration, conciliation, mediation, and judicial settlement through Lok Adalats.
- Article 39A of the Indian Constitution mandates equal justice and free legal aid, providing the constitutional basis for ADR.
- Section 89 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, recognises and supports the use of ADR processes to resolve civil disputes.
- The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, as amended in 2021, requires disputes to be resolved within a maximum period of 180 days.
- Lok Adalats, governed by the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, provide decisions that are final and binding, with no option for appeal.
- States such as Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar have the highest number of pending cases.
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