According to the WHO, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) was the fourth-leading cause of death worldwide in 2021, causing 3.5 million deaths.
COPD is a lung disease that makes it hard to breathe and is caused by permanent lung damage.
There are two main types: chronic bronchitis (inflammation of airways) and emphysema (damage to air sacs).
Major causes include smoking, indoor air pollution, exposure to chemical fumes or dust, and rare genetic disorders.
Symptoms include cough with mucus, shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness, and frequent infections.
COPD affects 37.6 million people in India, with higher prevalence in urban areas (11%) than rural areas (5.6%).