TNPSC Thervupettagam

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

December 3 , 2025 16 hrs 0 min 8 0
  • According to the WHO, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) was the fourth-leading cause of death worldwide in 2021, causing 3.5 million deaths.
  • COPD is a lung disease that makes it hard to breathe and is caused by permanent lung damage.
  • There are two main types: chronic bronchitis (inflammation of airways) and emphysema (damage to air sacs).
  • Major causes include smoking, indoor air pollution, exposure to chemical fumes or dust, and rare genetic disorders.
  • Symptoms include cough with mucus, shortness of breath, wheezing, chest tightness, and frequent infections.
  • COPD affects 37.6 million people in India, with higher prevalence in urban areas (11%) than rural areas (5.6%).

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