The fertility rate should be at least 2.7 children per woman in the developed countries, to prevent human extinction.
The conventional replacement level fertility (RLF) of 2.1 children per woman is simply not enough in many parts of the world.
However, a female-biased birth ratio, with more females than males born, reduces the extinction risk, helping more lineages survive over time.
The world has experienced its peak growth rate in the years 1960s and the global population has continued to increase and is projected to reach 8.5 billion in 2030.
At least 40 per cent of more than 6,700 spoken languages in the world threatened to disappear within the next 100 years.