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India and China’s Coal Surge
September 6 , 2025
15 hrs 0 min
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- China and India dominate new coal power proposals in 2025, accounting for nearly 87% of global new coal capacity plans.
- China added 21 GW of new coal capacity in just six months, which is its highest rate in nearly a decade, primarily as a response to past energy shortages and for energy security.
- Despite the coal build-up, China’s CO₂ emissions fell by ~1% in early 2025, thanks to the rapid expansion of renewables (solar, wind, hydro).
- India commissioned 5.1 GW of new coal plants in early 2025, with an enormous pipeline of 92 GW more coal capacity proposed by mid-2025.
- India has a “dual track” energy strategy: while aggressively expanding renewables (220 GW installed by 2025), still relying heavily on coal for about 70% of its electricity.
- This duality of renewables growth alongside coal expansion complicates the global effort to meet the Paris Agreement target of limiting warming to 1.5°C.
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