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Manki-Munda System
September 20 , 2025
15 hrs 0 min
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- The Manki-Munda System is a traditional self-governance model of the Ho tribe in Jharkhand’s Kolhan region.
- It is led by village heads called Mundas and cluster heads called Mankis.
- The system resolves disputes and maintains order through customary laws.
- It originated before British rule, with no land tax or external control.
- In 1833, Captain Wilkinson codified it into 31 rules under British administration.
- Mundas and Mankis acted as intermediaries between the British and local communities.
- A Munda heads a single village, while a Manki oversees 8–15 villages (a pidh).
- Leadership roles are hereditary, passed from father to son.
- The system functions like a decentralized Gram Sabha for local governance.
- It protects the Ho tribal identity, traditions, and land rights.
- Courts have upheld Wilkinson’s Rules due to a lack of legal alternatives.
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