Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi have been awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
They discovered the concerning peripheral immune tolerance.
It is a key mechanism preventing the immune system from attacking the body's own tissues.
Their combined research proved that FOXP3 is the master regulator of regulatory T cells, confirming their function in maintaining immune self-tolerance.
This discovery has laid the foundation for new treatments in cancer, autoimmune diseases, and transplant medicine, with some therapies currently in clinical trials.