The day aims to honour police personnel who sacrificed their lives in the line of duty.
On 21 October 1959, 10 Indian police personnel were killed in an attack by Chinese troops at Hot Springs in Ladakh.
The incident occurred during a patrol along the India–China border in the high-altitude region.
In January 1960, the annual Conference of Directors General and Inspectors General of Police decided to observe 21 October as Police Commemoration Day.
The day is also known as Police Shaheed Diwas or Police Martyrs Day.