Taurus Molecular Cloud 1 (TMC1) contains many small, closed-shell PAHs that surprisingly survive intense starlight.
They make up about 20% of the carbon in interstellar space and are stable due to their ring-like structure.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are flat carbon and hydrogen molecules commonly found in space.
Scientists from Australia, Sweden, and the UK found that indenyl cations cool quickly by releasing light (recurrent fluorescence), helping them survive in space.
At the DESIREE lab in Stockholm, they saw these ions lose energy faster than other PAHs at extremely low temperatures.