A recent study stated that Levels of black carbon-ultra-fine particles of carbon in the Himalayas have been rising.
Eastern Himalaya records warmest snow surfaces, followed by the central and western Himalayas.
The average snow-surface temperature has increased from -11.27°C from 2000–2009 to -7.13°C during 2020–2023.
Black carbon generally absorbs sunlight and if it settles on the surface can thus heat the ground.
The major generators of the black carbon include biomass combustion, fossil fuel use, and open burning, particularly in the Indo-Gangetic plain, which acts as a hotspot for emissions.