The Supreme Court recognised children’s right to access and use the internet as part of their fundamental rights under Articles 21 and 19(1)(a) of the Indian Constitution.
Article 21 protects the Right to Life and Personal Liberty, while Article 19(1)(a) protects the Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression.
The Court observed that blanket bans on internet access may be disproportionate and could push children towards unsafe online platforms.
Recommended safeguards include parental guidance, supervision, age-appropriate protections and dedicated “child mode” accounts on social media.
Online safety measures should protect children from exploitation while respecting their digital rights and supporting the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012.