TNPSC Thervupettagam

The Philippine Island of Pugad

September 16 , 2025 14 hrs 0 min 7 0
  • Pugad is a 7-hectare island in Manila Bay, part of Hagonoy in Bulacan province.
  • The island sits at the mouth of the Angat–Pampanga River Delta in a low-lying area.
  • Pugad is sinking due to land subsidence at about 11 centimetres per year from groundwater overuse.
  • Sea levels in the Philippines are rising up to 13 millimetres per year, three times the global average.
  • Mangroves were cleared for fishponds, reducing the island's natural coastal protection.
  • Pugad faces frequent floods, typhoons, and storm surges, increasing the risk of displacement.

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