The Philippine Island of Pugad
September 16 , 2025
14 hrs 0 min
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- Pugad is a 7-hectare island in Manila Bay, part of Hagonoy in Bulacan province.
- The island sits at the mouth of the Angat–Pampanga River Delta in a low-lying area.
- Pugad is sinking due to land subsidence at about 11 centimetres per year from groundwater overuse.
- Sea levels in the Philippines are rising up to 13 millimetres per year, three times the global average.
- Mangroves were cleared for fishponds, reducing the island's natural coastal protection.
- Pugad faces frequent floods, typhoons, and storm surges, increasing the risk of displacement.

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