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2021 Tribunal Law – Supreme Court
November 23 , 2025
15 hrs 0 min
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- The Supreme Court of India struck down key provisions of the Tribunal Reforms Act, 2021.
- The Act gave the Union Government excessive control over tribunal appointments, functioning, and salaries.
- The Court said the law undermined independence, impartiality, and effective adjudication, which are constitutional requirements.
- The Bench directed the Centre to establish a National Tribunal Commission within four months to ensure independence, transparency, and uniformity in tribunals.
- The 2021 Act was deemed a “repackaged version” of a struck-down 2021 ordinance, ignoring defects pointed out by the Court.
- The court also stated that Parliament cannot override Supreme Court judgments by merely repackaging invalid provisions.
- The 2021 Act had also abolished nine specialised tribunals, transferring their functions to High Courts and commercial courts, increasing their workload.
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