The Global Coral Reef Monitoring Network (GCRMN) released its seventh Status of Coral Reefs of the World report, showing that coral bleaching events are becoming more frequent.
Global hard coral cover declined by about 9.5% compared with the 1980–2009 reference period, with a major decline since 2010.
In 2024, 87% of reefs experienced unprecedented heat stress, while 42.6% faced heat stress severe enough to risk widespread bleaching and coral mortality.
Marine heatwaves, intensified by human-caused climate change, have become the strongest global driver of coral-cover decline; reef recovery periods have shortened from about 10 years to 4–6 years in many regions.
The fourth global mass coral bleaching event began in 2023 and was likely the most severe and widespread event recorded, with its full impact expected to continue after 2024.
The assessment used 21.1 million observations from 87,299 surveys across 36,886 reef sites between 1980 and 2024.