The Union Government informed Parliament that 332 people died while cleaning sewers and septic tanks across India during the last five years.
Tamil Nadu recorded 38 deaths, making it the third-highest in the country after Maharashtra (58) and Haryana (47).
The Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act, 2013 prohibits the employment of manual scavengers and provides for their rehabilitation.
The Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993 was the first central law banning manual scavenging and the construction of dry latrines.
The Supreme Court of India (2023) directed all States and Union Territories to fully mechanise sewer and septic tank cleaning and ensure compensation for victims' families.