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SC Guidelines on Human–Wildlife Conflict
November 21 , 2025
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- The Supreme Court issued new directions in 2025 to curb rising Human–Wildlife Conflicts caused by habitat degradation, unregulated tourism, and fragmented corridors.
- The Court allowed tiger safaris only in non-forest or degraded forest land within buffer zones and prohibited safaris in core areas and tiger corridors.
- Night tourism was banned in all core and critical tiger habitats to reduce disturbance to wildlife.
- Activities such as commercial mining, polluting industries, major hydro projects, exotic species introduction, low-flying aircraft, and commercial firewood extraction were barred in buffer and fringe areas.
- The Court directed that Eco-Sensitive Zones for all tiger reserves must be notified by the Union Environment Ministry as per the 2018 guidelines of the Environment Protection Act, 1986.
- States were instructed to prepare or revise Tiger Conservation Plans on time and to notify core and buffer areas within 6 months.
- The Court ordered states to treat Human–human-wildlife conflicts as a natural disaster to enable rapid relief measures.
- A uniform compensation of ₹10 lakh was mandated for human deaths arising from Human–Wildlife Conflicts.
- The National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) was directed to draft Human–Wildlife Conflict mitigation guidelines within 6 months and ensure nationwide implementation.
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