Tamil Nadu ranked first in research publications and patent applications in the NITI Aayog India Science and Technology (S&T) Scoreboard.
In 2024–25, Tamil Nadu recorded 44,611 research publications, followed by Uttar Pradesh (29,298) and Maharashtra (28,947).
In patent applications, Tamil Nadu ranked first, followed by Maharashtra and Karnataka.
The scoreboard was developed by NITI Aayog as an interactive platform to assess the science and technology performance of States and Union Territories (UTs).
It combines data on research institutions, higher education institutions, Research and Development (R&D) institutions, deep-tech startups, incubators, research publications and patents.
It supports evidence-based policymaking and comparison of States and UTs based on research quality, impact, collaboration and innovation.