The Leiden Copper Plates, an important record of the Chola Empire, were officially returned to India by Leiden University at The Hague, Netherlands.
The plates contain inscriptions issued by Rajaraja Chola I, Rajendra Chola I, and Kulottunga Chola I, recording land grants to the Chudamani Vihara at Nagapattinam.
The inscriptions provide valuable information on Chola administration, land revenue, maritime trade, and cultural links with Southeast Asia.
The larger set contains 21 copper plates (16 in Tamil and 5 in Sanskrit written in Grantha script) and dates to the early 11th century.
The plates record the support given by the Cholas to a Buddhist monastery built by the Sailendra rulers of Srivijaya (Java), showing strong India–Southeast Asia relations.