Indian scientists developed low-cost zinc-air battery technologies for energy storage and electric vehicles.
Zinc-air batteries use zinc as the anode and oxygen from air as the cathode reactant, offering high energy density.
Researchers at SASTRA Deemed University developed a stable nanofluid electrolyte and a low-cost copper-doped manganese dioxide catalyst.
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras is developing mechanically rechargeable zinc-air batteries, and with Hindustan Zinc Limited is building a 1 kilowatt-hour (kWh) rechargeable prototype.
Zinc-air batteries use water-based electrolytes, making them less flammable than many lithium-ion batteries.