The 2025 NDC (Nationally Determined Contributions) Synthesis Report by the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) assesses climate action ahead of COP30 in Belem.
Collective global emissions are declining, but the pace is insufficient to meet the Paris Agreement target of limiting warming to 1.5°C.
New NDCs from 64 countries, covering about 30% of global emissions, aim to reduce emissions up to 17% below 2019 levels by 2035.
Nearly 9 in 10 countries now have economy-wide emission targets, and 97% have national legal or policy frameworks supporting climate implementation.
Adaptation measures are included in 73% of NDCs, while 94% reference measures to address loss and damage from climate impacts.